Colon Cancer
In western countries, cancers of the colon and rectum account for more new cases each year than any other site except the lung. Although the genetic susceptibility is low, some families have a predisposition for colon cancer that usually occurs before age 40. Inflammatory bowel disease, including both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease as well as familial polyposis, are disorders that, to varying degrees, increase the risk of colon cancer.
What are the symptoms of colon cancer?
The initial symptoms of colon cancer depend on the location of the tumor. Cancer in the portion of the colon nearest the left side of the body and areas close to the rectum are the most common cause for a change in bowel habits and consistency of the stool. Cancer in this part of the colon may also cause a colicky pain that is made worse by eating. Blood mixed with the stool and bowel obstruction are other symptoms that characterize cancer at this site. Ineffectual and painful straining at stool may be a sign that the cancer is more advanced. Cancer localized to the part of the colon nearest the right side of the body may cause a generalized abdominal pain and brick red blood. It is commonly associated with iron-deficiency anemia, especially when no other cause can be identified. Cancers closer to the rectum often cause a steady gnawing pain and bright red blood coating the stool.
How is it treated?
The primary treatment for cancer of the colon is surgical removal of the cancer. The procedure will depend upon the location, and invasiveness of the tumor. Some forms of colon cancer have been shown to benefit from fluorouracil or 5-FU followed by levamisole. Fluorouracil is also sometimes combined with folinic acid. Radiation is sometimes used with surgery and chemotherapy, particularly for rectal cancer.
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